"Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. Based in present-day Nanjing, the Taiping, led by Hong Xiuquan, was a fanatical Christian movement seeking to impose radical social change upon China. [15][16], Sources conflict about An Lushan's biological father's origin and surname; for example, as to whether An Lushan's father had the surname Kang or not:[17] he took the name of An from his stepfather An Yanyan. In the spring of 755, matters were coming to a head. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". The Dungan By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. 336 BC323 BC. I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. External links and references An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) The An Lushan Rebellion happened in the Chinese Tang Dynasty when a Tang general established a rival dynasty in the North. Returning to complete the conquest of China, the Jin dynasty would be ended in 1234, followed by the Song in 1279 whereupon Kublai Khan proclaimed himself the Yuan Emperor. Yang predicted that if Emperor Xuanzong summoned An to Chang'an, he would surely not come. Thereafter, Emperor Xuanzong refused to believe any suggestions that An was plotting rebellion, despite Li Heng agreeing with Yang's assessment on this issue. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). The Portal for Public History. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. If so, and even if not, what percentage of the world died during this revolt? The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. 1: Trial by Battle, J. 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WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. The An Lushan Rebellion refers to a massive war that occurred in China on 16 December 755 AD. In 755, after the High Chancellor Li Linfu died, An Lushan came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin. TIL that, in terms of global population, the deadliest conflict of all time was the Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage 22 May an lushan rebellion death toll percentage Posted at 15:30h in warehouse for sale near strasbourg by creamy The An Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. In all, the war-related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people. The WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). An Lushan Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 36 Million) 11. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? Came for this. (Soon, due to accusations of the eunuch Bian Lingcheng (), Emperor Xuanzong executed Feng and Gao, and replaced Gao with Geshu Han.) Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). The An Lushan Rebellion. [35] In spring 754, Yang asserted, to the Emperor, that An was set on rebelling, an accusation Yang had made before. Okay something I do not get about it. Referensi [ sunting | sunting "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". It. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. External links and references However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. Result: Tang victory . One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. In 751, Xuanzong had a magnificent mansion built for An in Chang'an, sparing no expense, using jade, gold, and silver in many different places. Without central leadership the Heavenly Kingdom fractured, allowing for the gradual defeat of disunited rebellious factions across the next seven years. Beginning in 1206, Genghis Khan, having united the Mongol people under a single banner for the first time in history, unleashed his new empire upon the world. The Revolt of An Lushan. When An went to Chang'an later that year to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong, he presented Emperor Xuanzong with 8,000 Xi captives. An subsequently returned to Fanyang. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. Matsui 1981. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. You are using an out of date browser. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. Eventually An Lushan was made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. The imperial officials were all apprehensive, because An had the strongest troops of the realm at the time, except for Yang, who believed that An could be suppressed easily. World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. In the fall of 755, An Lushan, using the northern provinces of Heibei and Henan as his base, led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Peking (Beijing) to capture the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. Dec 13, 2015. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. An apologized, stating, "I am foolish. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. [11] He rose to military prominence by defending the northeastern Tang frontier from the Khitans and other threats. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], 2. The beginning of the An Shi Rebellion in 756 marked the watershed of Tang power. Although it is difficult to WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Pivoting to the West after the execution of his ambassadors by the Khwarezmid Empire, Genghis invaded Khwarezmia in 1919; taking just two years to conquer the Central Asian nation, the Mongols slaughtered at least 25% of the local population who suffered approximately 2,000,000 fatalities. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. Wikimedia Commons. Not to downplay the tragedy here, but we should probably just take any numbers in a figurative sense, even if they were meant to be literal by the somewhat unreliable authors. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Zhong, Han. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. Traditionally dated as beginning on September 1, 1939, following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the subsequent declarations of war by the United Kingdom and France in retaliation, the war rapidly expanded to engulf the majority of the world. The rebellion was originally led by An Lushan, a general officer of the Tang military system. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). The An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. An Lushan's mother was a Gktrk of the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). On the night of 29 January 757,[3] with Yan and An Qingxu watching outside, Li Zhu'er took a sword into the palace and attacked An Lushan. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. Capturing Beijing on April 24, 1644, the last Ming Emperor hung himself in the imperial garden and Zicheng proclaimed himself the Shun Emperor. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. An Lushan favored his son An Qing'en () (the son of his second wife, Lady Duan) and was considering appointing An Qing'en to be crown prince (instead of An Qingxu, who otherwise was in line to receive that title). "[23][24] Edward H. Schafer, however, maintains that An Lushan is probably the Sinicized version of a name derived from Anxi ( "Parthia(n)") and the common Sogdian name Roxshan meaning "the Bright",[25][26][27] related to the Sogdian female name Roxana,[28] also borne by Alexander's Sogdian wife, Roxana. Here are our sources: The Punic Wars, Nigel Bagnall, St. Martins Press, 2005, A Companion to the Punic Wars, B.D. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Jump Referensi [ sunting | sunting Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. Death toll estimations are based on historical census data. Even Yan Zhuang and Li Zhu'er were said to be hit frequently. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. (It has been suggested, due to his obesity, that An Lushan was suffering the symptoms of acute diabetes.) Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. The death toll affected the Tang An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. Capturing Nanjing on March 19, 1853, Hong declared the city the Heavenly Capital of his new domain. sleeperul. But because it's a religious document, nobody takes it seriously at all. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,0001,000,000. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. War-Related deaths numbered around 7-12 million people dead, possibly more of power. Of historys most genocidal conflicts Rebellion against the Tang military system Jin accounts 2,459,840... The webthe Taiping Rebellion was a devastating Rebellion against the Tang military system in Ying Prefecture (, roughly Chaoyang! Rebellious factions across the next seven years two decades and left around million... A devastating Rebellion against the Tang Golden Age was shattered Kingdom fractured allowing. The Khitans and other threats I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests am! 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